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Sujecheon |
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Sujecheon was created
in the Shilla period
as a wind instrumental
music with four chapters.
Also called as Jeongeup,
it was performed at
banquets of the Royal
Court to pray for
the peace and prosperity
of the country.
In the 1930's, the
old musicians called
Sujecheon(Jeongeup)
as Bitgarak Jeongeup,
however, the National
Center for Korean
Traditional Performing
Arts uses the name,
Sujecheon.
Along with the musical
note of <Dongdong>,
the musical note of
Sujecheon(Jeongeup)
is handed down in
the 7th Book of <Daeakhubo>
and used for the accompaniment
in the drum dance
music specified as
Gyemyunjo, a Korean
music scale.
(* There is a view
that the name of
the song, Sujecheon
is incorrect because
many names like
<Boheoja>.<Hyangdangyoju>
etc. were temporarily
used at every banquets
or events in the
past.
For example, in
the 28th year of
the reign of Soonjo(1828),
the Hyangdangyoju,
concerted music
at Jagyeongjeon
played when the
king raises his
glass was called
Sujecheonjigok.)
It is one of the
best classical court
music having the
characteristic of
fermata style where
the main melody
of flute is played
and other instruments,
Daegeum, Sogeum,
Korean fiddle, Ajaeng,
etc. are continuously
played to open the
next clause and
the movement of
pomposo, magnificent
and mysterious melody
with slow calm rhythm.
It also had been
played with the
name, Bonghwangeum
at the 1st UNESCO
Music Festival held
in France in 1970,
and was openly recognized
as the masterpiece
in the world by
being specially
selected as the
best musical piece
in the traditional
music field.
Mugo (drum dance)
is one of the Korean
traditional court
arts performed with
Dongdongok and Muaegok
in Goryeo period.
"Mugo"
was originated from
the name of a drum
made by Sijung Igon
with pieces of board
floating on the
ocean when he was
exiled to Younghae
under the reign
of Choongryulwang
in the Goryeo dynasty.
There has always
been changes in
the performance
of "Mugo"
per each time period
since the Goryeo
dynasty.
The performance
was made by Gisaeng
playing drum, singing
the song of Jeongeupsa
and dancing to the
song and the drum.
As the number of
drums changes, the
number of Gisaeng
also changes. Depending
on the number of
drums, the name
also changed to
two-drum dance,
four-drum dance
and eight-drum dance.
The changes can
be conjectured by
the Huemugyeokodo(24th
year of Sungjong/1493)
handed down in the
Akhakgwebum and
the Mudo(28th year
of Soonjo/1828)
handed down in Jinjakeugwe.
And up until the
middle of the Joseon
dynasty, Jeongeupsa
was sung as Changsa
(traditional narrative
ballad), but at
the end of the dynasty
(Soonjo?), Oeunhansi
was written for
Changsa.
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The scale
Bitgarakjeongeup
is closely related
to the tune as shown
in Akjochongeu and
Hyungeumjo in the
first book of <Akhakgwebum>.
Originally in Korean
classical music,
there were 7 tunes
for each scale of
Pyungjo and Gyemyunjo.
Bitgarak is the
next of the Segarak,
that is the fourth
tune. The keynote
of Segarak is Imjong,
and Namryeo is the
keynote of Bitgarak.
(The current Sujecheon(Jeongeup)
is composed of 5
notes, Namryeo,
Hwangjong, Taejok,
Gose, Imjong, and
played with the
formation of instruments,
Korean flute, Sogeum,
Korean fiddle, Ajaeng,
Janggu and Jwago.)
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Music form.
In <Akhakgwebum>,
'Mugo' has three
tempos, Mangi(slow),
Jungi(medium) and
Geupgi(Fast). In
<Gyeongookdaejeon>,
it is Jeongeupigi
which has same line
of connection as
Samgigok of <Jungwajung>),
Samgi of <Jinjak>,
Jeongang, Hoogang,
Daeyup of <Cheoyonga>
and <Manjeonchoon>
or Manjo, Pyungjo,
Sakjo, etc.
The current song
handed down is composed
of four chapters
and the first, second
and third chapters
have 6 beats and
the fourth chapter
has two beats.
The second chapter
is the repeat of
the first, and the
third chapter is
changed in tune
moving up four tunes
higher than the
first and second
chapters, and the
fourth returns to
the original tune.
Sujecheon(Jeongeup)
has the same fermata
style as Sangyoungsan
in <Samhyunyoungsanhwesang>.
The lyrics of Sujecheon(Jeongeup)
is same as the one
of Jeongeupsa. For
Mugo, one of Hyangakjungjae
(Korean traditional
court arts), the
lyrics called, 'Jegigajeungeupsa
Hyangakjugigok.'
are introduced in
the record of music,
<Goryeosa>
as follows.
Likewise, there
is a technique divided
into Jeongang, Hoogang
and Gwapyun and
composed of three
tempos, Mangi, Jungi
and Geupgi.
Gwapyun appears
to carry the characteristics
of Hwandoo, and
Kimsungo appears
to be related to
the tune of Kim
Sun, master of Korean
mandolin refered
in the 6th book
of <Hanrimbyulgok>
as Kim Sun Bipa
(Korean Mandolin).
Neverthless, it
is noticeable that
Aeu Darongdiri falling
under Soyeop is
omitted in Hoogang.
Although there have
been opposing opinions
among the scholars
on Korean literature;
one view asserts
that Hoogangjeon
is correct, and
the other says it
shall be considered
Hoogang Jeonjyeoje.
However, in the
musical aspect,
there has been examples
of Hoogang, but
not Hoogangjeon,
therefore, it seems
Hoogangjeonjyeoje
is correct.
Also, it has been
decided that this
type of musical
form composed of
three frames did
not exist in the
period of the Three
States, and can
not be retraced
to the past before
the middle of the
Goryeo dynasty.
Study on Goryeosa,
Akhakgwebum, Daeakhoobo,
Hankookgayo (Yoonje
Jo, Eulyoo Publishing,
1948), Yeoyo Jeonju(Joodong
Yang, Eulyoo Publishing,
1947). |
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